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See the Flowers that Bloom All At Once, One Night a Year

The mysterious night-blooming cereus just dazzled a garden in Tucson. Scientists still aren’t sure exactly how they bloom at the same time

Michele Lent Hirsch

June 18, 2015

On June 12, this and hundreds of other night-blooming cereus flowers burst open in the span of a few hours at the Tohono Chul garden in Tucson, Arizona, the world's largest private collection of the mysterious plants. Image courtesy of Tohono Chul

Earlier in the evening on June 12, the buds began to foreshadow the palm-sized flowers they would become just a few hours later. Image courtesy of Tohono Chul

This image was taken on June 11, the day before the buds burst open. For centuries, people have gathered to see the awe-inspiring flower go from a tiny bud to a huge blossom. What's more, the night-blooming cereus, after springing open for just a few hours, tends to wilt the next morning. Image courtesy of Tohono Chul

A man bends to sniff a cereus flower right after it bloomed last Friday night. Cereus are known for their incredible scent. Image courtesy of Tohono Chul

Here, some of Tohono Chul's visitors gather around the mysterious night-blooming plant. The garden reports that about 1,500 people came last Friday to bask in the hundreds of flowers that bloomed in unison. Image courtesy of Tohono Chul

Visitors to the Tohono Chul garden flocked to take pictures of the flowers after watching them go from bud to blossom over the course of just one evening. Image courtesy of Tohono Chul

Visitors who came to the Tohono Chul garden to to witness the cereus flower bloom on June 12 gathered to hear several special presentations that evening. Image courtesy of Tohono Chul

The night-blooming cereus flowers at the Tohono Chul garden are pollinated by moths. The garden says that last Friday some visitors spotted these insects, called hawk moths, but that in general the moths come out when all of the hubbub and camera flashes are over for the night. Image courtesy of Tohono Chul

A cereus in Arizona in 2009. These night-blooming flowers spring forth from cacti just one night a year, in concert with other nearby cereus. They usually wilt the next day. Image courtesy of Flickr user Jöshua Barnett

On Friday, June 12, the world’s largest private collection of night-blooming cereus plants burst open. The flowers are a bit of a scientific mystery: They usually bloom on just one night a year, and en masse. Staff at the Tohono Chul garden, a non-profit botanical garden and nature preserve in Tucson, Arizona, often can’t tell when their record-setting collection of Cereus greggii flowers will unfurl their long, fragrant petals until a few hours before they do. And so, last Friday, the garden sent out an email with the subject line: “Bloom Night is Tonight!”

The night-blooming cereus is known for its ethereal, star-like blossoms, as well its tendency to bloom all at once. Plant-lovers often gather to celebrate its unfurling, and such gatherings are not a new idea. As the Washington Post writes, “Informal gatherings to witness the annual affair were commonplace in small-town America before World War II.” Local newspapers announced when the cereus buds were swelling and the bloom imminent, and “neighbors and strangers alike arrived for the show.”

Tohono Chul says that about 1,500 people came to the garden on Friday night, where they got to see the Cereus greggii go from a small bud to a palm-sized flower right before their eyes. In general, the blooming process happens so quickly that, as a 1934 piece in the New York Times puts it, “Those who watch the unfolding of the petals often hope to detect an evidence of motion, but the development is so smoothly uniform that the little bud suddenly appears more widely open than the second before, without a perceptible movement.” After giving off their famously hypnotic scent, the flowers wilt just a few hours later.

The flowers, sometimes called Arizona’s Queen of the Night, tend to pop open between late May and late July. Cereus greggii (or Peniocereus greggii) are found in the dry soils of the Southwest, including southern New Mexico, southeastern Arizona and western Texas, as well as in parts of Mexico, including eastern Chihuahua, northeastern Durango, northern Zacatecas and Coahuila. Other flowers that also go by the common name night-blooming cereus grow in tropical Central and South American jungles.

“Researchers still don’t know how the flowers know when to bloom en masse,” the Tohono Chul website explains, but they believe it may be some type of chemical communication. As the garden's website writes, the flowers might bloom together on the same evening to help ensure pollination. Hawkmoths usually spread the seed of the night-blooming cereus—and, logically, “The more blooms that are open, the greater the chances of pollination.”

Ring points out that the one-night-a-year idea can get confusing. “A bloom itself will only last one evening,” she says, “but a plant may produce multiple flowers that bloom over a few nights.” Most of the flowers bloom on the same evening, in concert, but sometimes, Ring says, small groups of them bloom earlier or later than the majority.

Still, even the early or late cereus blossoms are never on their own. “We have yet to see a bloom blossom alone,” Ring explains. “[I]f we see one we can always find another one blooming, even if it is across the entire garden.”

If a flower were to somehow open without any blooming companions, Ring says, it would be all alone, and therefore lose its chance at reproduction. Giving us a human comparison, she adds: “It’s like going to a disco on a Tuesday versus a Saturday.”

A pink Peniocereus greggii flower blooms near mountains in New Mexico in May 2015. Image courtesy of Flickr user Patrick Alexander

A Peniocereus greggii blooms in New Mexico in May 2015. Image courtesy of Flickr user Patrick Alexander

Pinkish Peniocereus greggii blooming near the Peloncillo Mountains New Mexico in New Mexico in May 2015. Image via Flickr user Patrick Alexander

Two pinkish Peniocereus greggii bloom near the Peloncillo Mountains in New Mexico in May 2015. Image courtesy of Flickr user Patrick Alexander

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